Baerbock's Diplomatic Mission to Syria Amid Political Transition

German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock is set to embark on her second trip to Syria, following the recent overthrow of former dictator Bashar al-Assad. This visit comes at a crucial time as the country navigates its political transition under the new leadership of Ahmed al-Scharaa, a former fighter with the Islamist HTS militia. Baerbock aims to urge the new government to adhere to promised reforms and to stabilize the region.

This visit is significant as it marks a shift from years of diplomatic isolation for German politicians regarding Syria. Baerbock first visited the country in January, where she met with al-Assad before his ousting. The new Syrian leadership faces immense challenges, including addressing the ongoing risks of extremism and terrorism, and providing economic opportunities for the population.

After decades of Assad family rule and a prolonged civil war, Syria's economy is in shambles, with reports indicating that even basic utilities like electricity are sporadically available in the capital, Damascus. The humanitarian situation is dire, with approximately 90% of the population living below the poverty line, according to the German Foreign Office. Baerbock emphasized the urgent need for fundamental necessities such as food, healthcare, and education for the Syrian people.

The ramifications of the war have led to millions of Syrians fleeing the country, with many seeking refuge in neighboring Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey, while others have migrated to Germany and other EU states. In response to the dire economic conditions, the European Union has begun to ease sanctions imposed on the Assad regime to facilitate recovery efforts. Recently, a major international donor conference pledged billions in financial aid to support Syria's reconstruction.

However, the security situation remains precarious, underscored by recent violent incidents targeting the Alawite community, historically favored under Assad's regime. The involvement of Assad loyalists in these attacks raises concerns about the potential for renewed unrest. An investigative committee has been established to look into these incidents, with Baerbock noting that such violence undermines trust in the new government.

As Baerbock prepares for her discussions with al-Scharaa, questions linger about the new leadership's commitment to fostering an open society versus succumbing to extremist influences. The transitional government has set a five-year timeline for implementing reforms, a process that Baerbock acknowledges will be fraught with challenges.

On this occasion, Baerbock will be accompanied by Armin Laschet, a senior CDU foreign policy figure, signaling a continuity in Germany's approach to Syria regardless of the political leadership.