New Immunotherapy Available in England for Birch Pollen Allergy Sufferers

In a significant development for individuals suffering from severe allergies to birch pollen, a new immunotherapy has been approved in England. This treatment offers hope for the approximately 25% of hay fever sufferers in the UK who are affected by birch tree pollen, a common allergen that triggers uncomfortable symptoms during the spring and summer months.

Birch pollen is the leading cause of tree pollen allergies in various regions across Europe and the UK. It can cause a range of symptoms, including sneezing, itchy eyes, nasal congestion, and respiratory issues. Other related trees, such as alder, hazel, oak, hornbeam, and beech, can also contribute to allergic reactions. Symptoms typically peak between April and May but can persist for up to six months, exacerbated by climate change, which has been lengthening the birch pollen season due to rising temperatures.

Allergic reactions occur when the immune system incorrectly identifies pollen proteins as harmful invaders, leading to the production of immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Upon subsequent exposure to birch pollen, these antibodies prompt the release of chemicals like histamine, which results in various allergy symptoms.

Current standard treatments for birch pollen allergies primarily include oral antihistamines and corticosteroid nasal sprays. However, research indicates that these methods provide insufficient relief, with only 38% of patients reporting adequate symptom management. This means a considerable percentage of allergy sufferers continue to struggle with their symptoms each year.

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has now authorized a new oral treatment known as Itulazax (betula verrucosa). This medication represents a type of immunotherapy aimed at addressing the underlying cause of the allergy rather than merely alleviating symptoms.

Immunotherapy functions by gradually introducing the allergen--birch pollen extract--in controlled amounts, thereby training the immune system to develop tolerance over time. The goal is to reduce the immune response to birch pollen, ultimately diminishing allergy symptoms and preventing future allergic reactions.

This treatment is specifically designed for adults with severe birch pollen allergies who have not found relief with conventional allergy medications. To access this therapy, individuals must have a confirmed diagnosis through skin prick or blood testing that indicates a reaction to birch-related trees.

Clinical trials have shown that Itulazax is generally safe, with the most reported side effects being mild to moderate itching in the mouth and throat, linked to the sublingual administration of the tablet. As a precaution, the first dose must be taken in a medical setting, where patients will be monitored for at least 30 minutes to observe for immediate reactions.

It's important to note that this treatment is not an instant solution. Patients are advised to begin the therapy at least 16 weeks prior to the onset of the birch pollen season and continue throughout the season. Therefore, for individuals with severe allergies, treatment may need to commence as early as November, with the regimen lasting approximately three years.

This new immunotherapy offers a potential breakthrough for many in the UK who suffer from debilitating birch pollen allergies. Furthermore, its approval raises hopes for future immunotherapies targeting other types of hay fever, which could greatly benefit allergy sufferers in the long run.