Innovative Approach to Creating Custom 3D Neural Chips

The Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) has made significant strides in brain research technology by developing a customizable 3D neural chip. This advancement addresses the limitations of traditional semiconductor processes used in the fabrication of devices for growing and recording neural tissues.

Conventional methods have struggled with modifying shapes and creating three-dimensional (3D) structures effectively. However, the KAIST research team has utilized 3D printing techniques to overcome these challenges. By first printing a hollow channel structure, the team then employed capillary action to fill these channels with conductive ink, thus forming the electrodes and wiring necessary for neural function.

This innovative approach is expected to enhance the design flexibility and versatility of platforms used in brain science and engineering. The research, led by Professor Yoonkey Nam from KAIST's Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, introduces a novel platform technology that allows for the precise creation of 3D microelectrode arrays. These arrays can measure and stimulate the electrophysiological signals of neurons in various customized formats for in vitro culture chips.

Traditional methods of fabricating 3D microelectrode arrays have been limited in their design capabilities and have often been costly. Although recent developments in 3D printing aim to resolve these issues, they still adhere to a conventional sequence of processes that restrict the design freedom necessary for diverse in vitro neural network structures.

The KAIST team has harnessed the extensive design capabilities of 3D printing technology to create more adaptable neuronal network models. They initiated their process by printing a hollow 3D insulator embedded with micro-tunnels, which serves as a stable scaffold for conductive materials in a three-dimensional space. This structure supports the formation of various 3D neuronal networks.

Utilizing capillary action, the researchers were able to fill these micro-tunnels with conductive ink, leading to the establishment of a 3D scaffold-microelectrode array. This array features microelectrodes arranged in a highly customizable manner within a complex 3D culture support structure.

The new fabrication platform allows for the design of chips in multiple configurations, including probe-type, cube-type, and modular-type shapes. It also supports the use of various electrode materials, such as graphite, conductive polymers, and silver nanoparticles. This versatility enables the simultaneous recording of multichannel neural signals from both inside and outside the 3D neuronal network, facilitating precise analysis of neuronal interactions and connectivity.

The research conducted by Professor Nam and his team signifies a major advancement in the field of neural chip fabrication, broadening the possibilities for fundamental brain science research and applications in areas like biosensing and biocomputing.

For further details, refer to the study published in the journal Advanced Functional Materials.