Germany Considers Reintroduction of Mandatory Military Service Amidst Russian Threats

In light of escalating tensions with Russia, discussions surrounding the potential reinstatement of mandatory military service in Germany have intensified. The current coalition negotiations between the Union and the SPD have brought this issue to the forefront, indicating that invitations for military conscription may soon be sent out once again.

The precise demographics for the conscription remain unresolved, with questions about whether it will apply solely to young men, include women, or even extend to citizens up to retirement age. The Union, led by Friedrich Merz, and the SPD, represented by Lars Klingbeil, have acknowledged the necessity of establishing some form of military service, although they differ on the specifics.

The Union's proposal suggests revoking the suspension of the previous conscription system, which would require all young men to receive a draft notice upon turning 18, reminiscent of the system prior to 2011. This move is justified by the perceived urgent need to bolster the military in response to Russia's ongoing aggression, particularly in Ukraine, raising concerns over further expansions of conflict in Europe.

According to the CDU/CSU, the reinstatement of conscription should mirror the model previously in place, mandating young men to either serve one year in the Bundeswehr or engage in alternative service in social institutions.

However, the question of including women in mandatory service poses significant legal challenges. Implementing such a requirement would necessitate an amendment to the German Constitution, which would require a two-thirds majority in both the Bundestag and Bundesrat. Given that the AfD and Die Linke hold a blocking minority in the newly elected Bundestag and oppose conscription, achieving this amendment appears unlikely. Consequently, the SPD is advocating for voluntary service options instead.

Defense Minister Boris Pistorius has previously called for a new concept of service, termed the "New Military Service," which would involve sending a questionnaire to all citizens aged 18 and above to assess their physical fitness and willingness to serve. While men would be required to respond, women would have the option to volunteer.

Moreover, the SPD is proposing an attractive service initiative that would apply to all citizens, although specifics remain vague and depend on broader societal discussions.

In a recent development, the Greens have introduced a distinct proposal for a universal service obligation that would encompass all citizens up to the age of 67, requiring six months of service in various roles, including military, firefighting, civil protection, or social work. This suggestion has garnered mixed reactions and, like previous proposals, would also face constitutional hurdles.

The reinstatement of conscription, however, could be more straightforward than introducing universal service, as the previous military draft was only suspended rather than abolished, making its return a more feasible legislative endeavor. This factor likely influences Merz's preference for this approach amidst the complexities of coalition formation.