Surge in Flea-Borne Typhus Cases in Southern California: Essential Safety Measures for Humans and Pets

Residents of Southern California are facing a concerning rise in flea-borne typhus infections, prompting health officials to issue warnings about the disease and recommend protective measures for both individuals and their pets.

Flea-borne typhus, caused by the bacterium Rickettsia typhi, is primarily transmitted through infected fleas that have bitten animals such as rats, opossums, and stray cats. The infection can be contracted by humans when flea feces come into contact with open wounds or mucous membranes, including the eyes.

According to the California Department of Public Health, the majority of flea-borne typhus cases in the United States occur in Texas, California, and Hawaii, with an annual average of approximately 300 cases. The disease is prevalent throughout the year in specific areas of Los Angeles and Orange counties, with a notable increase in cases during the late summer and fall months.

As of this year, health authorities have reported 79 cases of flea-borne typhus in Los Angeles County, excluding Long Beach and Pasadena. Comparatively, the county recorded a total of 187 cases in the previous year and an estimated 124 cases in 2023. Long Beach has also seen a rise in reported cases, with 20 incidents as of July 31, up from 12 in the same period last year. If this trend continues, Long Beach could exceed its record of 28 cases set in 2021. Fortunately, at least 75% of the infected individuals in Long Beach have been hospitalized but have since made a full recovery.

Individuals who come into contact with infected animals or who live in environments infested with rodents are at a heightened risk of contracting flea-borne typhus. It is advisable for residents to avoid contact with stray animals and to take preventive measures to limit flea infestations.

To safeguard pets from fleas and potential infections, health experts recommend keeping pets indoors and treating them regularly with flea prevention medications. Additionally, homeowners should take steps to deter stray animals by ensuring trash cans are securely covered and by not leaving pet food outside, which can attract unwanted wildlife.

Moreover, maintaining a clean environment by clearing overgrown vegetation and clutter around properties, as well as sealing any openings in homes, can help prevent infestations.

Symptoms of flea-borne typhus include fever, headache, chills, muscle aches, and a rash on the chest, sides, or back. Though rare, more severe complications such as meningitis or endocarditis can occur. While fatalities from the disease are uncommon, three deaths were reported in Los Angeles County in 2022, all affecting adults with pre-existing health conditions.

If individuals experience symptoms consistent with flea-borne typhus, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly, as the condition is treatable with antibiotics.