Bosch E-Bike Chief Discusses Industry Challenges and EU Regulations

Claus Fleischer, the head of Bosch eBike Systems, expresses concern over the increasing competition in electric bike (E-Bike) motor performance and the potential implications of European Union (EU) regulations on the industry. In a recent conversation, he emphasized the need for clear guidelines to define the characteristics of E-Bikes and their differentiation from traditional bicycles.

As Bosch unveils new motor technologies, the rise of competitors, notably DJI with its powerful 120 Nm Avinox motor, has become a central topic within the sector. Fleischer acknowledges that the advancements in motor capabilities could push the industry further away from the traditional bicycle model, risking regulatory scrutiny from the EU. Currently, E-Bikes are classified alongside bicycles under EU law, a status that stakeholders wish to preserve. Fleischer advocates for regulations that delineate what constitutes a bicycle based on performance metrics, specifically emphasizing the balance between rider input and motor assistance.

DJI's Avinox motor, boasting a maximum output of 1000 watts with an 800 percent assistance factor, has raised alarms about the possible shift in the E-Bike landscape. Fleischer notes that the focus should not be solely on individual brands but rather on the overall trend of increasing performance specifications. This could prompt the EU to intervene, questioning the implications of such advancements on safety and classification.

Currently, E-Bikes with higher assistance factors are not subject to the same regulatory requirements as speed pedelecs, which are classified as small motorcycles and require type approval. Fleischer warns that if E-Bike manufacturers continue to introduce models that significantly exceed the established support ratios, there is a risk that all E-Bikes could face stricter classification and regulatory oversight.

He suggests a maximum assistance ratio of 1:4 and a power cap of 750 watts to mitigate the risk of losing the current classification. There is a growing concern that if the industry fails to self-regulate, the EU may remove the exemption from type approval, which would result in all E-Bikes falling under the same regulations as speed pedelecs. This shift would entail extensive requirements for manufacturers, including component approval and insurance mandates, significantly altering the market landscape.

Alongside motor performance, Bosch is committed to developing lighter and less powerful alternatives for everyday use, striking a balance between performance and practicality. Fleischer emphasizes that typical consumer E-Bikes generally require motors in the range of 200 to 400 watts with support ratios of 2 to 3, as extreme performance levels are primarily relevant for specialized applications like cargo bikes or off-road cycling.

A further challenge is posed by the EU's upcoming battery regulation set to take effect in 2027. Fleischer criticizes this regulation as misaligned with practical industry needs, particularly regarding the requirement for cell replacements in batteries. He argues that the benefits of individual cell replacement are not substantiated by quality data, and such practices may lead to performance degradation rather than improved sustainability.

The regulation also mandates that E-Bike batteries must be easily replaceable, which Fleischer interprets as feasible only if the design allows for straightforward access to the battery without extensive disassembly. Furthermore, the absence of a standardized charging system for E-Bikes remains a concern, as the industry has yet to agree on a universal solution. Without collaboration, the EU may impose its own standards.

Fleischer's insights reflect a critical moment for the E-Bike industry as it navigates the challenges of innovation, regulation, and market dynamics. The ongoing dialogue about performance, safety, and sustainability will shape the future of E-Bikes in Europe.