Blood Fatty Acid Levels Linked to Bone Density Growth in Children

A recent investigation conducted by the University of Eastern Finland has revealed a significant correlation between the fatty acid composition found in blood and the development of bone mineral density from childhood through adolescence. The findings, part of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study, have been published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research.

The study followed 480 children over an eight-year period, examining the relationship between various fatty acids in the bloodstream and bone density changes. It was determined that higher levels of specific fatty acids, including dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, nervonic acid, and arachidonic acid, were associated with increased bone density throughout the study duration. Conversely, elevated proportions of linoleic acid were linked to lower bone density outcomes.

Fatty acids play a complex role in influencing bone health. The research indicates that the measurement of fatty acids in the bloodstream provides a more accurate representation of the fatty acids present in the body compared to dietary assessments. The study underscores the intricacies involved in how different fatty acids can either promote or hinder bone health. It emphasizes that not all fatty acids within the same category exhibit the same effects on bone development.

Professor Timo Lakka, who directs the PANIC study, emphasized that this is the first research to establish that the fatty acid profile in childhood can forecast bone density progression into adolescence. He noted the significance of fatty acid metabolism in fostering healthy bone growth.

Associate Professor Sonja Soininen, who leads the bone health segment of the study, highlighted that the varied associations between different fatty acids and bone health reflect the complexity of metabolic processes influencing bone development.

The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the metabolic relationship between fatty acids and bone development during critical growth periods in childhood. This opens avenues for exploring nutritional strategies aimed at enhancing bone health.

The PANIC study, an extensive long-term initiative launched in 2007, aims to assess the health and well-being of children and adolescents. The current research involved 480 participants, comprising 227 girls and 253 boys, tracked over eight years. Fatty acid levels were analyzed through gas chromatography of plasma phospholipids obtained from blood samples, while bone density and overall body composition were evaluated using a DXA device.

As part of a broader lifestyle intervention, the PANIC study initially measured over 500 children who began first grade between 2007 and 2009. Subsequent follow-ups took place from 2009 to 2011 and again from 2016 to 2017. Presently, the study continues with 16-year follow-up assessments among young adults, set to conclude in late 2026.