A Year of Legal Cannabis: The Impact of Legalization in Berlin

Since the legalization of cannabis in Germany nearly a year ago, significant changes have unfolded across Berlin. As of April 1, 2024, adults are permitted to carry up to 25 grams of cannabis in public, keep up to 50 grams at home, and cultivate up to three cannabis plants for personal use. Additionally, cannabis cultivation associations have been able to commence operations since June, allowing members to grow marijuana collectively for personal consumption.

Measuring the number of individuals engaging in home cultivation is challenging since this activity does not require official reporting. A survey conducted by YouGov indicated that around 7% of the adult population in Germany purchased cannabis seeds for personal cultivation since the law's enactment. Industry experts, such as the head of the German Hemp Association, have noted a marked increase in home growing since the law took effect, citing supply shortages at seed banks during the initial months following legalization.

Deborah Reich, who operates a CBD product store and an online shop, confirmed a surge in demand for cannabis seeds and cuttings in the early stages of legalization. While initial interest was high, she believes that the demand has stabilized since then.

Regarding cultivation associations, five have received permits in Berlin, with 21 applications still pending according to the local health authority. The Green Leaf Society, the first to be granted permission, has commenced monthly harvests, providing its 100 members with an average of 15 grams of cannabis per month. The society aims to cater to both regular users and casual consumers, offering flexible options for quantities.

Another group, White Lake Weed, has recently obtained its cultivation permit and anticipates its first harvest by summer. They plan to offer cannabis at competitive prices compared to the black market, where costs average around 10 euros per gram.

Despite these developments, concerns remain about the persistence of illegal cannabis trade. According to the Berlin police, the black market has not seen a significant decline since legalization, attributed to the limited availability of legally produced cannabis. The police noted a total of 14,446 drug-related offenses in 2024, marking the lowest figure in a decade. Of these, approximately 1,227 cases involved cannabis, with around 600 related to illegal sales.

Experts have voiced concerns regarding potential health repercussions stemming from increased cannabis use. Psychiatrists have reported a noticeable uptick in substance use among patients, particularly those already susceptible to mental health issues. They emphasize the potential risk of cannabis consumption, especially among adolescents whose brains are still developing. The law prohibits individuals under 18 from possessing, using, or growing cannabis, and consumption is restricted in proximity to schools and youth facilities.