Increased Risk of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Linked to Semaglutide in Diabetic Patients

Recent research indicates that semaglutide, a medication often prescribed for diabetes management, may be associated with an elevated risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). A study published in JAMA Ophthalmology has highlighted these potential risks among diabetic patients using this treatment.

The study was conducted by a team from China Medical University Hospital in Taichung City, Taiwan, and involved a cohort analysis comparing patients with diabetes who were prescribed semaglutide to those receiving alternative medications that do not belong to the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) class. Each group comprised 174,584 patients.

Initially, the findings revealed no instances of NAION risk within the first year for those on semaglutide. However, as the duration of the study extended to two, three, and four years, a significant increase in NAION risk was noted among patients using semaglutide, with hazard ratios of 2.39, 2.44, and 2.05, respectively.

Particularly concerning was the heightened risk among diabetic patients who also had hypertension, where the hazard ratio rose to 2.42. Furthermore, those with a history of using Ozempic, a branded version of semaglutide, were found to have an increased likelihood of NAION as well.

The authors of the study emphasized that while there is a clear association between semaglutide use and increased NAION risk, the retrospective nature of the research limits the ability to definitively establish causation. They noted the importance of further investigation into these findings to better understand the implications for diabetes treatment.

As diabetes management continues to evolve, patients and healthcare providers are urged to consider these potential risks when evaluating treatment options. Close monitoring of eye health may be advisable for those on semaglutide, especially for individuals with preexisting conditions such as hypertension.

The study underscores the need for ongoing research and transparency in evaluating the safety profiles of diabetes medications, as understanding these risks is crucial for informed clinical decision-making.