Saudi Arabia and Iran Move Towards Normalization Amid Disappointment with US Policies

In a significant shift in Middle Eastern geopolitics, Saudi Arabia and Iran, long-standing adversaries, are making efforts to improve their relationship. This rapprochement is influenced by the evolving dynamics of international relations, particularly concerning the United States.

Recently, Khalid bin Salman, Saudi Arabia's Defense Minister and the brother of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, made a historic visit to Tehran, marking the first time in decades that a senior member of the Saudi royal family has visited Iran. This visit underscores a dramatic change in the previously antagonistic relationship between the two nations.

During his visit, Khalid bin Salman engaged with high-ranking Iranian officials, including President Massoud Peseschkian and Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Such discussions would have seemed unimaginable a few years ago, as both countries have been locked in a fierce contest for influence in the region.

Despite their historical rivalry, there is now a mutual recognition that cooperation may yield benefits for both nations. The waning trust in US support is a critical factor in this shift. Saudi Arabia, in particular, has expressed disillusionment with American policies, especially after the US's perceived lack of response to attacks on its oil facilities in 2019, attributed to Iranian-backed Houthi forces.

The absence of a strong US response to the attacks led Riyadh to reassess its foreign policy, prompting the kingdom to seek a balance of interests with Iran, rather than relying solely on US military backing. This change is part of a broader strategy to address regional security concerns and prevent further destabilization.

Under China's facilitation, diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran were reinstated in 2023. This development has extended beyond mere dialogue, with the two nations engaging in joint military exercises in the Persian Gulf.

Experts note that while Saudi Arabia remains cautious and wary of Iran's intentions, the quest for regional stability has become a priority. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman recognizes that achieving his vision for transforming the Saudi economy, which entails moving away from oil dependency, hinges on a stable geopolitical environment.

Saudi Arabia is particularly concerned about the threat posed by Houthi attacks on its energy infrastructure. The kingdom also fears being inadvertently drawn into a conflict between Israel, possibly supported by the US, and Iran. In light of these concerns, Riyadh is inclined to maintain a cordial relationship with Tehran to mitigate potential risks.

Furthermore, Saudi Arabia has positioned itself as a mediator in the ongoing nuclear negotiations between the US and Iran. This role reflects its desire to prevent any escalation that could lead to military confrontation.

In response to the changing dynamics, Iran is also keen to strengthen its ties with Saudi Arabia. It sees potential benefits in establishing a more cooperative stance, particularly in light of ongoing tensions with Israel and the US.

However, the relationship between Saudi Arabia and Israel remains strained, particularly following recent conflicts in Gaza, which have complicated any aspirations for normalization. The lingering mistrust between Saudi Arabia and Iran suggests that while dialogue has resumed, significant obstacles remain before a truly stable and cooperative relationship can be established.