Prediabetes and Education Level Correlate to Cardiovascular Risks in Older Adults

Research indicates that a significant portion of individuals aged 65 and over are affected by prediabetes, a condition that elevates the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. A recent study conducted by the University at Buffalo, published in the journal Aging, explores how various social risk factors contribute to heightened cardiovascular risks in older adults with prediabetes.

According to the findings, older adults who experience prediabetes not only face an increased risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes but also show a notable correlation with cardiovascular complications. The study's lead researcher emphasized the importance of understanding how social determinants impact cardiovascular health outcomes for this demographic. The research was based on data from the University of Michigan's Health and Retirement Study, which involved over 5,000 participants aged 50 and older diagnosed with prediabetes.

The researchers examined five key social risk domains: economic stability, environmental factors, educational attainment, healthcare access, and social context. Cardiovascular risk indicators assessed included glycemic control, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. The analysis considered various demographic factors such as age, gender, race, and marital status.

One of the significant findings revealed that lower educational attainment, specifically among individuals who did not complete high school, consistently correlated with poorer outcomes across major cardiometabolic indicators, including blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol ratios. While education emerged as a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, economic instability also played a considerable role in worsening health outcomes.

The study's authors explain that lower educational levels often lead to limited job opportunities, increased exposure to unhealthy environments, and reduced health literacy. This combination hampers individuals' abilities to understand and adhere to prevention or treatment plans, access nutritious food, and utilize available health resources, ultimately exacerbating cardiovascular health issues.

For older adults, improving health outcomes does not necessarily mean pursuing further education; rather, it involves providing clear and accessible health information and care. The study suggests various strategies to address these challenges, including:

• Developing simplified and culturally relevant health education materials.
• Implementing peer and community support programs to reinforce healthy behaviors.
• Utilizing technology and health navigators to bridge knowledge gaps.
• Advocating for policy interventions that incorporate prediabetes management into Medicaid waiver programs.

Healthcare professionals are urged to recognize social determinants, particularly low educational attainment, as critical factors influencing health outcomes in individuals with prediabetes. By screening for social needs, customizing communication, and connecting patients to resources, significant improvements in health management can be achieved. The study underscores that managing prediabetes encompasses more than just medical interventions; seeking support and resources is equally vital for effective health management among older patients.