Mandatory Military Service for the Bundeswehr: An Inevitable Move

The reintroduction of mandatory military service in Germany appears to be a necessary step as the nation navigates evolving defense needs amid shifting global dynamics.

As discussions between the Union and the SPD progress regarding government formation, a pressing issue is emerging: how to address the personnel shortfall within the Bundeswehr in addition to financial resources. The answer seems clear: reinstating the military draft, which was suspended in 2011, is essential.

The suspension of the draft over a decade ago was driven not only by budgetary considerations but also by significant concerns regarding equity in military service. At that time, the prevailing peace made the decision appear pragmatic. However, the geopolitical landscape has drastically changed since Russia's annexation of Crimea and the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine, leading to a reassessment of Germany's defense posture.

In light of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the broader implications of international relations, especially following the actions of former U.S. President Donald Trump, the necessity for European nations to prioritize their own defense has become apparent, with Germany at the forefront of these efforts. Currently, the Bundeswehr is struggling to meet NATO's personnel requirements.

Challenges remain in reinstating the draft, particularly as the military competes with various sectors, including healthcare, law enforcement, and the private sector, for a shrinking workforce due to demographic changes. Moreover, implementing a draft system will require time, as the Bundeswehr lacks the necessary infrastructure, such as recruitment centers and training facilities, that would need to be established or reinstated.

Not all eligible age groups would be required to serve, and exemptions based on various criteria would persist. Similar to the system in Sweden, a smaller cohort could be drawn from the population, and any changes would necessitate constitutional amendments to extend the draft to women as well. A cultural shift in public perception regarding national defense is also necessary; lessons can be learned from other nations like Poland and Israel, where military service is regarded as a collective responsibility.

The forthcoming government will likely face greater accountability than its predecessors, which may lead to a more pragmatic approach to defense spending and military policy. Should Friedrich Merz assume the chancellorship, his administration may prioritize military needs, including the reinstatement of compulsory service, amidst substantial financial commitments to defense and infrastructure.