How to Prevent and Treat Cracked Heels This Summer

As temperatures rise and the summer season unfolds, the spotlight turns to our feet, which often bear the brunt of seasonal wear and tear. While sandals and open-back footwear provide relief from closed shoes, they can also contribute to dry, cracked heels, leading to discomfort and potential health risks.

Cracked heels, medically referred to as heel fissures, occur when the skin on the heels becomes dry and loses its elasticity. Unlike other parts of the body, the skin on our feet lacks sebaceous glands, which means it does not produce natural oils. This deficiency makes the skin more susceptible to dryness, especially in summer when heat and sun exposure are at their peak.

One contributing factor to cracked heels is the choice of footwear. Open-back sandals and flip-flops allow the fat pad in the heel to expand, which can increase stress on the surrounding skin. Research indicates that prolonged exposure to hot and dry conditions significantly decreases skin hydration, heightening the risk of developing fissures. Activities such as standing for long periods or walking on hot surfaces, such as pavement or pool decks, further compromise the skin's protective barrier.

Other factors that can exacerbate the condition include obesity, which increases pressure on the heels, and skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis that compromise the skin's integrity. Excess moisture from sweating or prolonged exposure to water can also weaken the skin, making it more prone to cracking.

Cracked heels are not merely a cosmetic issue; they can lead to pain and even serious health complications. Without appropriate care, fissures can deepen and bleed, causing discomfort and increasing the risk of infection. For individuals with pre-existing health conditions like diabetes, vascular disease, or hypothyroidism, even minor cracks can escalate into severe complications such as cellulitis.

Preventing cracked heels is straightforward and can be easily integrated into your daily routine:

• Daily Moisturization: Use creams containing 10% urea or lactic acid to retain moisture and soften thickened skin.
• Supportive Footwear: While summer sandals are popular, many lack adequate support. Opt for shoes that provide cushioning and heel support, and alternate between open-back styles and more structured footwear.
• Avoid Going Barefoot: Walking on rough or hot surfaces can dry out the skin and cause micro-trauma, increasing the likelihood of cracking.
• Stay Hydrated: Consuming sufficient water helps maintain skin elasticity from within.
• Weekly Exfoliation: Gently exfoliate your feet weekly by soaking them briefly and using a pumice stone to remove dead skin, preventing the buildup of thickened areas.

If cracks have already developed, timely intervention can aid in healing:

• Heel Balm Application: Use a balm containing 10-25% urea and up to 6% salicylic acid, which hydrates and exfoliates thick skin. Avoid applying these during the day if wearing open shoes, as they can increase slip risks.
• Nighttime Moisture Lock: Apply balm before bed and wear cotton socks to trap moisture, which can enhance hydration and expedite healing.
• Professional Consultation: If heel cracks are severe, infected, or resistant to home care, seek advice from a podiatrist, who may recommend stronger treatments.

Individuals with diabetes, circulatory issues, or inflammatory skin conditions should take extra care, regularly checking their feet and addressing minor cracks promptly to avert serious complications. Professional care and properly fitted footwear are strongly recommended by health guidelines to mitigate risks.

Caution on Exfoliating Peels: While exfoliating foot peels can be beneficial for general skin roughness, they are not advisable for cracked heels. These products contain acids that may irritate broken skin and hinder healing, especially for those with underlying health issues. Instead, specialized heel balms are a safer choice.

Your feet play a crucial role in daily mobility, and with proper care and preventive measures, they can remain healthy and comfortable throughout the summer months. Taking proactive steps today can help ensure that cracked heels do not become a narrative of your summer experience.