Iranian Women Lead Fight for Rights Amid Economic Hardship

Women in Iran are increasingly becoming the face of resistance against oppressive social norms and economic challenges, as they navigate a landscape marked by financial strain and systemic discrimination. Despite facing significant obstacles, these women are emerging as powerful advocates for change.

The nation is currently grappling with severe economic turmoil, attributed to a combination of mismanagement, widespread corruption, and international sanctions. The reinstatement of a stringent economic pressure campaign by the U.S. has further exacerbated the situation, significantly impacting the livelihoods of ordinary Iranians.

One artist from the southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan, who chose to remain anonymous for her safety, shared insights on the deteriorating economic conditions. She noted that many women are increasingly taking charge of their finances through online platforms, despite facing substantial barriers in the labor market. Women's contributions, particularly in the service industry and crafting sectors, are crucial for their families' survival.

As the economic crisis deepens, the impact on women has been pronounced. Many families are being pushed below the poverty line, and with limited resources, women often find themselves making tough decisions about spending. These women frequently prioritize the needs of their families over their own.

Since the appointment of President Masoud Pezeshkian in August 2024, the Iranian currency has plummeted, losing approximately half its value. This economic decline has led to a staggering inflation rate of 31%, making basic goods and services unaffordable for many. Reports indicate that over 30% of the population struggles to meet their essential needs.

Union representatives have warned that working women, particularly single mothers, are disproportionately affected by these economic challenges. Many are trapped in precarious situations, unsure of how to secure a stable income or housing.

Despite the presence of more female politicians in government and promises to advance women's rights, tangible improvements remain elusive. Critics point out that women continue to face exploitation, especially in low-paying service jobs, where they are often overworked and underpaid.

The female labor force participation rate in Iran remains strikingly low, at only 14.38%, significantly lagging behind neighboring countries. As economic pressures mount, women are often among the first to lose their jobs, as illustrated by the experience of one political scientist who was let go due to health issues and now relies on her family for support.

The environment for activists and civil society, particularly those advocating for women's rights, has also become increasingly hostile. Many activists have faced intimidation and persecution, leading some to flee the country for their safety. One prominent lawyer, who previously led an NGO focused on women's rights, was forced to dissolve her organization under government scrutiny and now works from exile.

Since the 1979 Islamic Revolution, women have been mandated to wear a hijab in public, but many are now defying this requirement, inspired by the tragic death of Jina Mahsa Amini after her arrest for allegedly violating dress codes. Her death ignited widespread protests, predominantly led by women and girls, and sparked the 'Women, Life, Freedom' movement, which challenges both the compulsory hijab and broader gender discrimination.

Significantly, even in traditionally conservative areas, attitudes are beginning to shift, with more families granting their daughters greater autonomy over their personal choices, including attire. This transformation reflects a broader societal change, driven by the ongoing movement for women's rights.

Despite the challenges they face, Iranian women continue to demonstrate resilience and determination in their pursuit of equality and justice.