Research Uncovers Impact of Cystic Fibrosis on Infant Gut Microbiome Development

Recent research led by the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth presents significant findings regarding the gut microbiome of infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Published in the journal mBio, the study outlines how the composition of gut bacteria in CF infants diverges from that of their healthy counterparts, potentially impacting their overall health.

Cystic fibrosis is a complex genetic disorder characterized by the accumulation of thick mucus in various organs, particularly the lungs and digestive system. This condition often leads to increased inflammation within the gut and other areas of the body. According to researchers, understanding the development of the gut microbiome in CF infants is crucial, as a healthy microbiome undergoes dynamic changes in the early months and years of life.

Lead investigator Benjamin Ross, an assistant professor in microbiology and immunology, explains that a typical gut microbiome is shaped by various factors, including the infant's mode of delivery, breastfeeding practices, and the introduction of solid foods. By the age of three to five years, these microbiota reach a stable, adult-like composition, which is vital for healthy bodily development. However, the specific maturation process of the gut microbiome in infants with cystic fibrosis was not well understood prior to this study.

To conduct their research, the team analyzed stool samples from 40 infants diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, who were under care at the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center between 2009 and 2019. Advanced DNA sequencing techniques were employed to assess the bacterial composition of these samples from birth through the first three years of life. The findings were compared with data from healthy infants sourced from extensive public databases in both the United States and Northern Europe.

The results indicated a notable stagnation in the microbiome development of the CF infants. Researchers concluded that the gut microbiome in these children remains relatively unchanged, suggesting a delayed maturation process compared to healthy children. This lack of progression may contribute to health complications associated with cystic fibrosis.

One prominent finding highlighted a significant reduction of beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, known for its role in utilizing dietary fiber for energy and promoting anti-inflammatory responses. The absence of such microbiota could have implications for the health of infants coping with cystic fibrosis.

In light of these findings, the research team plans to conduct follow-up studies utilizing mouse models to delve deeper into the reasons behind the observed alterations in gut microbiome composition. Additionally, they aim to explore potential interventions, such as probiotics or dietary modifications, that might address the deficiencies in the microbiome caused by cystic fibrosis.

This research underscores the critical need for further investigation into the gut microbiome's role and its effects on health outcomes for infants with cystic fibrosis, paving the way for future therapeutic strategies.