EU Considers Modifying Sanctions on Syria Amid New Leadership
The European Union (EU) is contemplating adjustments to its sanctions on Syria for the first time since the recent political upheaval that resulted in the ousting of Bashar Assad. The bloc's intention is to retain some leverage over the newly established Islamist-led government, while simultaneously supporting humanitarian efforts.
During a recent visit to Damascus, European Commissioner Hadja Lahbib, the first EU official to engage with Syrian authorities since Assad's removal, highlighted the EU's commitment to providing increased aid and enhancing humanitarian access. However, the new leadership's request for the lifting of extensive sanctions, which have severely restricted economic interactions with Europe, poses a complex dilemma for the EU.
Lahbib emphasized the necessity of observing developments and encouraged the new authorities to foster an inclusive government respecting human rights and the rule of law. The EU is tasked with the challenging responsibility of facilitating a democratic transition while preventing the rise of extremism, encouraging the return of refugees, and navigating geopolitical tensions, particularly with Russia.
In a forthcoming meeting, EU foreign ministers will discuss potential sanctions modifications, with several measures reportedly under consideration. According to a leaked document, certain EU member states, including Germany, France, and the Netherlands, advocate for a reassessment of existing sanctions. The proposed changes aim to facilitate travel and enhance economic activity, including considerations to lift restrictions on civilian flights and export bans on jet fuel.
Moreover, the suggestion to ease restrictions on high-value goods, such as vehicles, is intended to assist Syrians wishing to return and invest in their home country. Additionally, discussions are underway regarding the relaxation of embargoes on oil and gas technology and the reestablishment of banking relationships to support investments in Syria.
The EU's approach includes a mechanism for the swift reinstatement of sanctions if the new government fails to meet specific expectations. Analysts caution that delaying sanctions relief contingent upon political progress could hinder the necessary support for Syria's transition, which is expected to be a lengthy process.
Experts highlight the EU's diplomatic quandary as it seeks to balance support for the new government, which has Islamist affiliations, against the potential for continued human rights violations. The group Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), currently leading the government, has been scrutinized for its past actions, including allegations of human rights abuses.
While the EU has recognized the need to adapt its strategy in light of recent developments in Syria, it must navigate the complexities of international relations, particularly regarding HTS's designation as a terrorist organization. Changes to this status would require broader international agreement.
As the EU prepares to finalize its position, a political agreement on easing some sanctions is anticipated, with further technical discussions to follow regarding implementation.
