Recent Findings on Co-Infections

A recent study conducted by researchers at North Carolina State University has uncovered significant evidence of co-infection with Bartonella species and Babesia divergens-like MO-1 in a family experiencing neurological issues. This case study adds to the growing body of research suggesting that these pathogens may play a crucial role in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Understanding Bartonella and Babesia

Bartonella is a genus of vector-borne bacteria typically transmitted through arthropods, such as fleas and lice, as well as through interactions with infected animals. There are over 45 recognized Bartonella species, with 18 known to infect humans. Bartonella henselae, the most recognized species, is responsible for cat scratch fever.

On the other hand, Babesia is a protozoan parasite that infects red blood cells and is primarily transmitted through tick bites. In the United States, the most common species affecting humans include B. microti, B. duncani, and B. divergens-like. Transmission routes can also include contaminated blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even transplacental infection.

Case Study Overview

The investigation centered on a family of five, including two parents and three children, who exhibited a range of neurological symptoms. The onset of these symptoms began with a 10-year-old boy in May 2021, who was later diagnosed with various psychiatric conditions such as obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit disorder. Following his diagnosis, other family members began to develop similar neurological and physical health issues.

The father and oldest daughter reported symptoms including fatigue, insomnia, and headaches, while the mother experienced ocular migraines. The youngest daughter suffered from severe menstrual complications lasting several months.

Research Methodology

In light of the family's reported exposure to fleas, the research team conducted a thorough investigation that included blood tests for all family members as well as their pets. The testing utilized advanced methods such as Bartonella immunofluorescence antibody assays and digital droplet PCR to identify and analyze the presence of Babesia and Bartonella DNA.

The results revealed that all family members, along with one dog, were infected with the Babesia divergens-like MO-1. Both parents also tested positive for B. microti, and all family members and pets had varying infections of Bartonella species, including B. quintana and B. henselae.

Implications of the Findings

One notable finding from the study was the identification of B. divergens-like MO-1, which has been documented in only a handful of human cases in the U.S. and has never been reported in dogs before. This discovery raises questions about the frequency of transmission and the complexity of symptoms associated with these infections.

The study underscores the importance of adopting a One Health approach, which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. Researchers argue that understanding the family as a unified ecosystem is essential in addressing health issues arising from zoonotic diseases.

Conclusion

The research contributes to the increasing recognition of vector-borne organisms as significant contributors to chronic and neurological illnesses. It highlights the need for further investigation into the implications of these pathogens and their potential roles in human health.