Chewing Gum Detects Influenza Viruses

A novel diagnostic tool in the form of chewing gum or a lollipop could significantly enhance the early detection of influenza infections.

Self-testing methods for detecting infections have become widely recognized since the COVID-19 pandemic, playing a crucial role in identifying infected individuals and ideally isolating them to prevent further transmission. Unlike traditional tests that require uncomfortable nasal or throat swabs, researchers have introduced a user-friendly alternative that could soon be available as a gum or candy.

Influenza viruses utilize their neuraminidase enzyme to cleave sialic acids from glycoproteins, a process essential for infecting host cells and releasing new viruses from infected cells. To detect the presence of viral neuraminidase, a research team from the University of Würzburg has developed a molecule composed of sialic acid linked to thymol. This compound is designed to be chewed or sucked on by individuals who may have contracted influenza.

The binding of this molecule is specifically engineered to be cleaved only by viral neuraminidase. When this cleavage occurs, free thymol is released, producing a detectable flavor -- specifically, a thyme taste. In contrast, in individuals who are not infected, the compound remains intact, and the flavor is not released.

This innovative approach opens up new avenues for global influenza surveillance and management. The research team indicated that the system is versatile, allowing for variations in taste profiles -- including sweet, bitter, or salty options that could be appealing to children -- and could be adapted for use against various pathogens.

The research team is currently focused on integrating these sensors into chewing gum or lollipops and preparing the diagnostic system for mass production. Collaboration is underway with Flare-on Biotech, a start-up spun out from the University of Würzburg in 2024. The development process is projected to take approximately four years.