Addressing War-Related PTSD: A Call for Preventative Measures

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) poses a significant mental health challenge, affecting around 10% of individuals involved in road accidents and nearly 50% of those who have experienced war or severe violence, such as rape. The implications of PTSD extend beyond personal suffering, often resulting in increased healthcare costs and diminished quality of life. Therefore, researchers from SWPS University and the University of Warsaw emphasize the critical importance of preventive measures and evidence-based treatments for those affected by traumatic experiences.

Particularly vulnerable are refugees, many of whom fled their home country following the onset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022. Millions sought safety, often enduring profound trauma related to violence or life-threatening situations. Research indicates that every conflict can effectively double the incidence of PTSD among its victims, who frequently grapple with its effects long after hostilities cease.

Symptoms of PTSD can manifest in various forms, including intrusive memories, flashbacks, heightened arousal, irritability, sleep disturbances, and avoidance of reminders of the trauma. These symptoms can severely impact an individual's daily functioning and overall well-being. Unfortunately, diagnosing PTSD can be particularly challenging as many sufferers instinctively avoid discussing their traumatic experiences, leaving their conditions unrecognized and untreated.

While some individuals may experience a natural recovery over time, others may see their mental health decline without appropriate intervention. For those who do not improve, a professional diagnostic assessment is crucial, and they should be offered treatment rooted in scientific evidence. This approach ensures that therapeutic decisions are based on current research rather than intuition or outdated practices.

Effective treatment for PTSD generally encompasses pharmacotherapy and/or psychotherapy. Primary care physicians can prescribe medications; however, complex cases often necessitate psychiatric evaluations to determine suitable therapies. Psychotherapy, particularly trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT), is regarded as a leading approach for treating PTSD. Mental health professionals are encouraged to rely on established guidelines from organizations such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American Psychological Association when selecting treatment methods.

Furthermore, the risk of PTSD is heightened among those in uniformed services and healthcare roles, who may be repeatedly exposed to traumatic events. The adage "prevention is better than cure" holds true, yet research into the effectiveness of preventative measures for PTSD remains limited. One notable initiative is Poland's PTSD prevention program aimed at individuals at risk due to their occupations, highlighting the need for further exploration in this area.

Consequences of untreated PTSD extend far beyond individual suffering, affecting societal health and well-being. As resources for mental health intervention are finite, the researchers advocate for strategic planning during post-conflict recovery phases to help affected individuals return to their pre-trauma lives. Adhering to evidence-based guidelines allows for a comprehensive understanding of the risks and timeframes associated with psychological and medical interventions.