Traveling Abroad? Protect Yourself from Measles Outbreaks

Recent alerts from health authorities warn travelers about the rising risk of measles, particularly following reports of an infectious individual visiting key locations in New South Wales after returning from Southeast Asia, where outbreaks are currently active in countries such as Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia.

Measles is recognized as one of the most contagious viral diseases, transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or breathes. It is estimated that one infected person can transmit the virus to 12 to 18 others who lack immunity. Symptoms typically begin with fever, runny nose, cough, and conjunctivitis, followed by a distinct non-itchy rash that starts at the hairline and spreads throughout the body.

While measles predominantly affects children, adults are also susceptible and can contribute significantly to the spread of the virus, accounting for approximately 10-20% of cases during outbreaks. Severe complications can arise, particularly in children, including ear infections, diarrhea, pneumonia, and in rare instances, encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain.

The introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963 marked a turning point in the fight against this disease, leading to the prevention of millions of deaths globally. In Australia, the measles vaccine is provided free of charge through the National Immunization Program, with doses administered at 12 and 18 months of age. The first dose is part of a combination vaccine for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), while the second dose also includes protection against chickenpox.

Despite the vaccine's proven safety and efficacy, misinformation linking it to disorders such as autism has contributed to declining vaccination rates. This is concerning, as a significant level of community immunity is necessary to effectively control the spread of the virus. It is recommended that at least 95% of the population be immune, either through vaccination or previous infection.

Recent years have seen a concerning decline in vaccination coverage, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and a general decline in vaccine acceptance. In 2023, global vaccination rates for measles dropped to 83% among children by their first birthday, down from 86% in 2019. In Australia, vaccination rates have also fallen, with a noted decline in the uptake of the MMR vaccine among children.

As of 2025, Australia has reported a significant increase in measles cases, with 37 instances already recorded, compared to 57 cases throughout the entirety of 2024. Many of these cases have been linked to travel to popular destinations such as India, Thailand, and Indonesia, where measles outbreaks are prevalent.

The incubation period for measles, which is typically seven to ten days, can result in travelers unknowingly spreading the virus before they show symptoms. For those traveling to areas with active outbreaks, early vaccination is crucial. While the initial measles dose is typically given at 12 months, infants as young as six months can receive the vaccine if traveling to high-risk areas.

It is essential for adults, particularly those planning international travel, to verify their vaccination status. Those without immunity should receive two doses of the measles vaccine. Additionally, individuals returning from travel and experiencing symptoms should notify healthcare providers of their recent travel history before seeking in-person medical care.