Migrants Play a Crucial Role in Germany's Economy, Particularly in Labor Shortage Professions

Migrants are increasingly vital to the workforce in Germany, particularly in sectors experiencing significant labor shortages. Recent statistics reveal that a substantial number of workers in various shortage professions have a migration background, underscoring their critical contribution to the economy.

In regions such as the construction industry and food production, over half of the workforce consists of individuals with immigrant backgrounds. Specifically, in the dry and wet construction sectors, about two-thirds of employees were found to have a migration history as of 2023. In the food manufacturing sector, this figure stands at 51 percent, while 47 percent of tile setters and 46 percent of public transport workers also share this background, according to data from the Federal Statistical Office.

Overall, about 26 percent of all dependent employees in Germany are either immigrants themselves or children of immigrants who arrived after 1950. This analysis excludes individuals living in communal accommodations, such as refugees. The statistics highlight the significant role that migrant workers play in the economy, particularly in professions facing labor shortages.

In industries classified as having labor shortages, such as meat processing, 42 percent of the workforce comprises migrants. The food retail sector also shows a considerable representation, with 41 percent of employees being immigrants. Other sectors such as freight transport and elderly care reveal similar trends, with immigrant workers representing 37 and 31 percent of the workforce, respectively.

In the hospitality industry, the dependency on migrant labor is particularly pronounced, with 54 percent of employees coming from immigrant backgrounds. The cleaning industry and landscaping also demonstrate high percentages, with 49 percent of workers in these fields being migrants. Additionally, both the postal and courier services and the accommodation sector have about 40 percent of their workforce comprising individuals with migration histories.

In more established sectors, like vehicle production and elderly care facilities, the presence of migrants is notable, accounting for around 30 percent of the total employment in these areas. However, there are significant disparities in representation. For example, only 10 percent of workers in public administration, defense, and social insurance have a migration background. Similarly, sectors such as insurance, energy supply, and financial services show lower percentages at 13, 14, and 15 percent, respectively. Education and training also reflect a comparatively low representation, with only 17 percent of workers coming from immigrant backgrounds.

The insights derived from these statistics highlight the indispensable role that migrant workers play in sustaining various sectors of the German economy, especially in areas grappling with labor shortages. As the country continues to face workforce challenges, it is evident that the contribution of migrants will be increasingly essential.