Overview of the Current Measles Outbreak

A significant outbreak of measles has emerged in Texas, first identified in late January with two confirmed cases in Harris County. This marks the state's first outbreak since 2023. As of the latest update, the number of cases has surged to 124, highlighting the rapid spread of this highly contagious virus.

Concerns Over Contagion

Harris County, which includes the city of Houston with a population exceeding 2 million, has seen a worrying increase in measles cases. Given the nature of measles, which spreads easily among unvaccinated individuals, health officials nationwide are advising residents to verify their vaccination status, even in distant states such as Maryland.

Measles Can Have Severe Consequences

Health authorities in Texas reported a tragic development: a school-age child who was unvaccinated succumbed to the illness after hospitalization in Lubbock. This incident underscores the risk measles poses, particularly to children, as it can lead to severe complications. According to the Texas Department of State Health Services, approximately 20% of individuals who contract measles during an outbreak require hospitalization, and 5% may develop pneumonia.

The Importance of Vaccination

While no vaccine is entirely foolproof, the measles vaccine has proven highly effective. Although some vaccinated individuals in Texas have experienced breakthrough infections, their cases tend to be milder, reducing the likelihood of further transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that one dose of the measles vaccine provides 93% protection, while two doses increase that protection to 97%. In Maryland, regulations mandate that students from kindergarten through 12th grade receive two doses of the MMR vaccine, which also protects against mumps and rubella.

Assessing Immunity Levels

Individuals who received only one dose of the measles vaccine, particularly those born between 1958 and 1988, may need to consult a healthcare provider to assess their immunity. Those born before 1957 are generally assumed to have natural immunity due to past exposure to the virus.

History of Measles in the U.S.

In 2000, health officials declared measles eliminated in the United States, meaning there was no continuous spread of the disease for over a year. However, recent declines in vaccination rates have contributed to a resurgence of measles outbreaks across the globe, including in the U.S. Many cases are imported by travelers returning from countries where measles is still prevalent, leading to domestic outbreaks occurring almost annually.

Measles Cases in Maryland

Maryland has not been exempt from recent outbreaks. In 2019, five cases were reported, with several occurring in the Baltimore area. Following a brief hiatus, a single case was confirmed in Montgomery County in 2023, and another case was identified in 2024 involving an international traveler. As of now, the Maryland Department of Health reports no confirmed cases for 2025.