Mathematical Insights Illuminate the Functions of the Placenta

The placenta, often overlooked in prenatal care, plays a critical role in monitoring the health of both mother and child during pregnancy. Recent research from the Eindhoven University of Technology has shed new light on this vital organ, emphasizing its potential as an early indicator of pregnancy complications.

Pascalle Wijntjes, a researcher within the university's Cardiovascular Biomechanics group, has dedicated four years to studying the placenta's anatomy and function. Her dissertation, defended on July 1, explores how mathematical modeling can help predict complications such as preeclampsia.

Traditionally, the placenta receives minimal attention beyond its positioning during routine ultrasound examinations at the 20-week mark. However, Wijntjes argues for a more thorough investigation, as the placenta could be a key player in identifying potential issues early in pregnancy.

In her research, Wijntjes has collected placental samples from women who have generously donated their placentas after childbirth. The process of analyzing these samples is intricate, requiring advanced imaging techniques such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM). These methods enable researchers to visualize the placental vascular system intricately, examining even the smallest capillaries.

By injecting microscopic bubbles into blood vessels, the research team can study critical details, such as the angles between vessels and the diameter ratio between maternal and fetal blood vessels. This data forms the basis for creating a mathematical model of the placenta, which resembles a branching tree structure, showcasing the complexities of its design.

Wijntjes' work has led to the development of a hybrid model that integrates clinical data with physiological insights. This model aims to enhance reliability in assessing the risks of complications during pregnancy. For instance, the research includes simulations that replicate conditions like preeclampsia by modifying the vascular structure to understand how changes affect blood flow in the umbilical cord.

Through her extensive literature review, Wijntjes has also cataloged the growth of the placenta throughout pregnancy, further informing her research. Her personal experience of pregnancy added a unique perspective, allowing her to witness firsthand the complexities of placental growth.

The ultimate goal of this research is to create a comprehensive understanding of the placenta, offering healthcare professionals better tools to predict and manage potential pregnancy complications. As this field of study evolves, it is expected to enhance prenatal care significantly and improve outcomes for mothers and their babies.