The German parliament has approved a new legislative framework aimed at curbing the misuse of nitrous oxide, commonly known as laughing gas, and substances known as knockout drops. The initiative is a response to growing concerns regarding the recreational use of these chemicals, particularly among young people, and their associated health risks.

Previously, nitrous oxide cartridges were readily available in shops, kiosks, and vending machines. The substance's popularity as a party drug has surged, largely due to its euphoric effects when inhaled. The newly enacted legislation is designed to limit access and reduce the health dangers--such as unconsciousness and potential long-term neurological damage--that can result from improper use.

Key Provisions for Nitrous Oxide

Under the new law, nitrous oxide and related preparations in cartridges exceeding 8.4 grams are classified under stricter controls as new psychoactive substances. This categorization introduces an outright ban on their use for recreational purposes. Additionally, the purchase and possession of nitrous oxide by minors is now explicitly prohibited. The law also bans the sale of these cartridges through vending machines and online platforms to private consumers. Adults are permitted to acquire a maximum of ten cartridges with up to 8.4 grams per purchase.

Exceptions and Industry Considerations

Recognizing that nitrous oxide is also used for legitimate industrial and culinary applications, such as whipping cream, the law allows for exemptions. Cartridges containing up to 8.4 grams remain available for these purposes, including pre-packaged whipped cream products. The threshold was slightly raised from an initial 8-gram limit to account for minor filling inconsistencies and to ease compliance for producers.

Expert Opinions and Enforcement

Law enforcement representatives have expressed general support for the measures, noting that unregulated access contributed to the spike in recreational use, especially in nightlife settings. However, some experts have called for broader public education campaigns and questioned whether the permitted cartridge size might still allow for misuse. The German Medical Association has advocated for stricter limitations on the amount allowed and a complete prohibition on advertising or sponsorship involving nitrous oxide products.

Regulations on Knockout Drops

The new law also targets substances such as gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (BDO), which are referred to as knockout drops. These chemicals can be surreptitiously added to drinks, incapacitating individuals within minutes and leaving them vulnerable to criminal acts such as sexual assault or robbery. The legislation now prohibits the distribution, trade, and production of these substances to enhance public safety.

Implementation Timeline and Future Steps

The law is scheduled to be reviewed by the Federal Council, with approval anticipated in the forthcoming session. There will be a transition period of three months following the law's promulgation, allowing businesses and vending machine operators time to comply. The regulations are expected to take full effect in April 2026. In the interim, some regions have already implemented local bans on nitrous oxide to address the issue at a community level.

With this legislative action, Germany is taking significant steps to address the misuse of nitrous oxide and knockout drops, aiming to reduce health risks and enhance public safety, particularly for younger populations.