Forced Labor in East Germany for Ikea: Assembly of Hinges Under Duress
In East Germany, numerous political prisoners were subjected to forced labor, with various companies, including Ikea, benefiting from this exploitation. Recently, the Swedish furniture giant has acknowledged its past responsibilities. This article explores the conditions under which these prisoners worked, drawing on the experiences of a former inmate.
In February 1985, a political prisoner found himself in the Naumburg prison in East Germany after being convicted for attempting to flee the country. This attempt, perceived as a severe crime by the authoritarian regime, resulted in a 22-month sentence. After enduring six months of pre-trial detention, he was transferred to a facility where forced labor was routine.
Prisoners were expected to work under strict conditions. A typical day began early with loudspeaker announcements, followed by minimal breakfast before being transported to the factory. The work involved assembling hinges at a rapid pace, and while prisoners received minimal compensation, the majority of which was not accessible for spending, their labor was crucial in meeting production demands.
At the factory, inmates were organized into groups, often led by long-term prisoners with prior criminal convictions. The political inmates, including the author, were in the majority but were at the mercy of these leaders. They faced threats of punishment for failing to meet production targets, which could include deprivation of privileges such as access to entertainment.
The assembly process required precision, and while safety equipment was provided, the harsh working environment often led to injuries and accidents. Despite the risks, meeting production quotas was paramount, and prisoners found themselves relying on each other to ensure collective compliance.
After eight months of forced labor, the author was released through a government buyout, having spent a total of 13.5 months in captivity. Ironically, upon his release, he purchased furniture from Ikea, unknowingly contributing to a company that had profited from his labor.
It wasn't until years later that the extent of Ikea's involvement in exploiting forced labor in East German prisons became public knowledge. The company has since initiated an independent investigation into its past practices and has committed to establishing a fund for victims of forced labor.
Research indicates that between 15,000 and 30,000 prisoners were forced to work each year in East Germany, with many companies benefiting from this system. Ikea was not alone; other German businesses also utilized this labor, creating a complex legacy of exploitation that continues to be addressed today.
The discussion around corporate responsibility for historical injustices remains ongoing. As Ikea takes steps to confront its past, the broader implications of forced labor during the East German regime continue to resonate, highlighting the need for acknowledgment and reparation for victims of such abuses.
