Artificial Tuna Fin Designed to Enhance Underwater Drones

An innovative research team from the University of Maryland is working on enhancing the propulsion systems of underwater drones. Their latest development is an artificial tail fin inspired by the anatomy of a tuna, aimed at improving the speed, agility, and noise reduction of underwater robots.

Traditionally, underwater drones have relied on electric motor-driven propellers for movement. However, these propulsion systems often suffer from several drawbacks, including increased drag and noise, which can hinder their operational effectiveness. The large propulsion nozzles commonly used extend outward from the drone's body, creating resistance and requiring more energy during operation. This design also necessitates maintaining greater distances from underwater obstacles due to their size.

The artificial fin mimics the streamlined shape of a tuna's tail, designed to solve the existing challenges faced by underwater drones. Cecilia Huertas-Cerdeira, the lead researcher, conducted a comprehensive analysis to understand the swimming mechanics of fish. Her findings revealed that fish can alter the stiffness of their fins in response to water currents, enabling them to swim efficiently.

The prototype developed by Huertas-Cerdeira is manufactured using 3D printing technology. It is constructed from a flexible material that incorporates air-filled chambers at strategic locations. These chambers can be inflated or deflated with compressed air, allowing the fin to become either stiffer or more flexible as needed. This adaptability is intended to replicate the dynamic swimming capabilities of a biological fish.

This groundbreaking research not only aims to advance the team's own underwater drone project but also aspires to inspire other scientists to explore alternative propulsion methods for underwater vehicles. The quieter operation of the new fin design is particularly beneficial for marine research, where noise pollution can disturb aquatic life.

Underwater drones are essential tools for various applications, including marine research, inspection of underwater cables, and military operations. The ability to operate stealthily is crucial for both ecological studies and military tactics, where the noise generated by electric motors can compromise the effectiveness of the operations.

The study detailing this innovative fin design has been published in the journal Scientific Reports, highlighting the potential for significant advancements in underwater vehicle technology.