New Genetic Target Identified to Curb Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation

Researchers at the University of Saskatchewan have unveiled a potential genetic target that may play a crucial role in stopping the growth of breast cancer cells. Led by a team of experts, the study focuses on a specific enzyme known as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), which is found in elevated levels in most cancer cells and is integral to tumor development.

One of the significant challenges in cancer treatment is the heterogeneity of cancer cells; they can vary significantly from one another. However, the research team sought to identify common factors that all cancer cells depend on, leading them to PLK1. This enzyme is essential for managing cell division and expansion, which are critical processes for tumor growth.

Despite its abundance in cancer cells, PLK1 is also present in smaller amounts in healthy cells, making it difficult to target without affecting normal tissues. To navigate this challenge, the researchers employed CRISPR gene editing techniques at the single-cell level to determine the genetic dependencies of cells that overproduce PLK1. Instead of directly targeting PLK1, they investigated the genes that work alongside it to promote cancer.

This groundbreaking study, recently published in Cell Genomics, marks a significant advancement in the application of single-cell CRISPR screening techniques combined with animal model testing in Canada. The team analyzed cancer cells with high levels of PLK1, searching for genetic alterations that would impact all cancer cells while sparing healthy ones. This approach led to the identification of a promising target for inhibition.

Following their findings, the research team collaborated with international colleagues to test a novel drug-like molecule aimed at inhibiting the newly identified target gene. Preliminary results have shown encouraging signs, demonstrating reduced tumor growth in animal models that mimic human cancers.

While the researchers acknowledge that there is currently no definitive solution for cancer treatment, they express optimism about the potential of this novel approach. They emphasize that substantial work remains to transform the identified molecule from laboratory studies to viable drug trials. Nonetheless, pinpointing a shared target for therapeutic interventions offers healthcare professionals another valuable tool in the ongoing fight against cancer.

The researchers attribute their success to robust international collaboration and the collective efforts of their dedicated team at the University of Saskatchewan. The progress leading to these findings has been the result of over a decade of rigorous research and collaboration involving numerous scientists.

The team is now actively seeking additional funding to broaden their research and move towards clinical applications. One of their future directions includes investigating the potential for combining this new treatment with existing therapies to enhance efficacy beyond what individual drugs can achieve.